Launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome; landing with Soyuz 36 capsule 200 km southeast of Dzheskasgan.

Soyuz 37 marked the sixth Interkosmos mission (with Pham Tuân, the first cosmonaut from Vietnam). Following a one day solo flight Soyuz 37 docked with the Salyut 6 space station on July 24, 1980 and common work with the fourth resident crew was done.

Pham Tuân and his crewmate had to perform 30 experiments including photography of the Earth surface, especially observing Vietnam from space. Other experiments were comprehensive test of lungs function, life sciences (including tests of growth of Vietnamese azolla water ferns) and materials processing.

The long-duration crew launched in Soyuz 35 returned to earth in the Soyuz 37 spacecraft at the end of their 186 day mission.