Bachelor of science in physiology and chemistry, 1958; master of science in physiology, 1959; Ph.D. in physiology, 1961, all from the University of Toronto; represented Canada as a high-jumper at the Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia, 1956, was selected as backup for STS-42; hobbies: Badminton, skiing, flying, skydiving, reading; later senior scientist at the Defense and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine (DCIEM) of the Department of National Defense in Toronto.